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Instructor: Professor Rogier A. Windhorst.
Location and Time: PSF-226; Tuesdays & Thursdays
1:40--2:55 pm.
Office hours: Tuesday and Thursdays 3:00-3:40 pm,
and Fridays 3:00-4:00 pm, all in room PSF-246. Messages for me can also be left
in my mailbox in room PSF-470.
Textbook: Modern cosmology deals with $\sim10^{80}$ particles and
$10^{89}$ photons in a volume that is currently $\sim 10^{120}\times$ that of
the electron, and describes an era $\sim 10^{60}\times$ longer than the Planck
time. This is why no-one has a complete grasp of the subject, so there is
no good modern textbook on cosmology. I spent quite some time to find
textbooks on (observational) cosmology that are acceptable, and came up with
the following:
$\bullet$ (0) ``Galaxy Formation'', 1998, by Malcolm S.
Longair (Berlin: Springer Verlag), ISBN=3-540-63785-0, hardcover costs about
$ 70. This is a remarkably good book that strikes the right balance between
modern theories and modern observations, without getting lost in unnecessary
details. It is about the best modern book that lays the foundations for
observational cosmology. Written by one of the most gifted observational
astronomers in the UK. This book was not yet available last time I taught this
class, so it's a new book for the 2002 course.
$\bullet$ (1) ``Cosmology'', Third Edition, by Michael
Rowan-Robinson, 1996, Oxford University Press (New York), ISBN=0-19-851884-6,
cost is about $ 30. This is modern cosmology in a nutshell at the upper
undergraduate level. Despite the biases that this well-respected author has in
certain areas, this book is remarkably complete and useful, and reasonably
up-to-date, and doesn't make you feel lost theoretically. In 160 pages, it can
only touch the main issues superficially, so I will only use it rarely (mostly
at the 322/422 level courses).
$\bullet$ (2) ``The Deep Universe, by A. R. Sandage, R. G.
Kron, and M. S. Longair, 1995, Eds. B. Binggeli, R. Buser, Saas Fee Advanced
Course 23, Lecture Notes 1993. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy,
Springer Verlag (Berlin), 528 pages, 18 Figures, 12 Tables. ISBN =
3-540-58913-9.
(http://www.springer-ny.com/catalog/np/may95np/DATA/3-540-58913-9.htm)
Book (0) is available at the ASU Book Store, and book (1) is
available in regular bookstores. Book (2) used to sell for $ 59 (hardcover),
but is now out of stock and out of print. Only 800 copies were printed. I have
permission from Sandage himself (the grand-master of cosmology) to Xerox the
relevant parts of this book for you, which we distribute to you at cost-price.
If you take this course for a grade, you want to have access
to both book (0), and I will reproduce the relevant parts of book (2) in the few
occasions were book (0) is not sufficient. Sharing books is fine with me (as
long as you don't borrow them from my bookshelf the day before class!).
Other books on Cosmology that are useful, but by no means
complete, nor up-to-date, nor unbiased, are the following:
$\bullet$ (3) ``Principle of Physical Cosmology'' by P. J. E.
Peebles, 1993, Princeton University Press (Princeton), ISBN=0-691-01933-9. Costs
about $ 33. Written by one of the great theoretical cosmologists of our time,
and bears his stamp as such. This book is too detailed theoretically for a one
semester course, and rather sporadic (and somewhat biased) on the observational
part. Issues are not always discussed in logical order, and it discusses at
length many of the wrong ideas in cosmology from the last century, so one
sometimes can't see the trees through the forest.
$\bullet$ (4) ``Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic
Structure'' by P. Coles and F. Lucchin, 1996, Wiley (New York),
ISBN=0-471-95473-X, costs about $ 58. In-depth, modern theoretical treaty of
cosmology, but comparison to the modern data in cosmology is rather poor,
although no more confusing than (3).
$\bullet$ (5) ``The Big Bang'', by Joe Silk, 1989, W. H.
Freeman and Co (New York), ISBN=0-7167-1812-X. Costs about $ 20. Good general
treaty on the subject by one of the demi-gods in the field, although at the
undergraduate level and without formulae in the main text. Relevant formulae
are in an Appendix (that constitutes a nice source for exam questions!). No
systematic attempt is made to compare theories to modern data, but where it is
attempted, at least no harm is done.
$\bullet$ (6) ``The Early Universe'', by Rocky Kolb and
Michael Turner, 1990, 1994, Addison-Wesley (New York), ISBN=0-201-62674-8.
Costs about $ 25. Exquisite theoretical but mathematically difficult treaty
of the Big-Bang, written by two experts in the field of theoretical cosmology.
But has very nice transitions to modern observations, although only in certain
areas, while other important ones are lacking (yet in many respects better than
any of the other books). Certainly the most funny and entertaining of all
cosmology books.
$\bullet$ (7) ``Introduction to Cosmology'', by Jayant
Narlikar, 1983, Jones and Bartlett (New York), ISBN=0-86720-015-4. Costs about
$ 40. Despite its age, a remarkably useful text in both theoretical and
observational cosmology, written by a senior theoretical cosmologist, who is a
supporter of one of the alternative cosmologies, although he does a remarkably
fair job depicting the `standard model'. His treaty of general relativity is
particularly understandable and useful.
Syllabus: An outline for AST 598 is given in the
attached syllabus. We will follow this schedule in principle, but changes may
be announced later. I will also attach a brief plan for AST 598, Astrophysics
IV, on Active Galactic Nuclei, since I will need to draw on some of this
material for the Observational Cosmology course. Since the graduate course on
AGN -- AST 598 IV -- doesn't exist yet, I will present some of the necessary
material on AGN as we go. The remainder belongs in a special graduate course on
AGN.
Class Web Page: The Class Web Page will be at:
http://ast.asu.edu/windhorst/ast598-windhorst/
WARNING: This site is under development, and we will attempt to make it work and update it during the semester. A printed list of interesting Web address is attached to the syllabus.
Lecture Notes: Relatively good and up-to-date
lecture notes on Observational Cosmology and on Active Galactic Nuclei were
made by Dr. Chris Impey (UofA) in 1997-1999. These can distributed for about $
26, the nominal Xerox costs. They do however, not replace the book or my own
viewgraphs on the latest relevant materials, including several recent review
articles and conference proceedings. As much as possible, I will try to
distribute my viewgraphs on paper before, or shortly after, each lecture. You
are advised to make your own notes as well. (The distributed copies of the
lecture notes were deliberately made single-sided, so you can use the
left-pages to add your own notes. This does result, however, in another brick
on your bookshelf).
Prerequisites: AST 322 or 422, basic physics and
math. I will try to limit the math on GR in the first part of the course (or
we'll never get to the important parts). I will design AST 598 Galaxies III so
that you can follow it without yet having done the two other extragalactic
graduate courses (by Dave Burstein) AST 598 II (Galactic Structure) and I
(Galaxies and Extragalactic Astronomy), although you will need to take these in
the future if you haven't already done so.
Homework and Term project: There will be some
homework questions, and a Term Project, which will entail writing an ApJ Letter
style paper on a cosmology subject of your choice. This must be your own work,
although you should consult the literature, and may discuss it with others. I
am open to other suggestions as to how you want to be tested on the subject. As
this is a new graduate course in development, I particularly covet your
feedback at the beginning of the semester, and throughout, as to what can be
done better.
Exams: There will be a final exam and possibly be a
midterm exam, of about equal weight as the Term project. Exam times etc will be
announced later, but tentative dates are listed in the attached syllabus.
Because I am further developing this class as we go, I only give a tentative list here of what we will do in each week [which I have labeled by the date of each Tuesday]:
[Aug. 26] $\bullet$ (0) [Ch. 1, 2] Introduction. Big issues
in modern cosmology. Main evidence for a hot Big Bang.
[Aug. 26] $\bullet$ (1) [Ch. 3.1-3.3 and 3.7 only; 5] Basic
Galaxy properties. The Hubble sequence. The galaxy luminosity function. The
extragalactic distance scale: history, results, controversy, and its
resolution. Cosmological parameters:
$H_0$, $q_0$, $Omega_0$, $T_0$, $z_f$,
$z_{reion}$, $\Lambda$, $\Delta T$. How combinations describe the Universe. The
values for $H_0$. Recent supernova results.
[Sep. 03] $\bullet$ (2) [Ch. 4] Clusters of Galaxies and Large
Scale Structure. Peculiar velocities. Groups, clusters, super-clusters. Topology
of the universe. Galaxy correlation functions. Simulations. The evolution of
galaxy clustering with cosmic time.
[Sep. 10, 17] $\bullet$ (3) [Ch. 5, 6, 7] Synopsis of
Relativistic Cosmology. Friedman - Robertson-Walker models. Olbers paradox.
Redshift: origin and measurement. Standard and non-standard cosmological
models.
[Sep. 24] $\bullet$ (4) [Ch. 8] The classical cosmological
tests: Hubble's law. Angular diameters and $\Theta$-z. Direct physical
measurements of $H_o$, $q_o$, $Omega_0$, $\Lambda$, etc. The age problem
revisited. Applications of models to counts, redshift distributions, Hubble
diagrams, and the EBL. Models with and without Cosmological Constant.
[Oct. 01] $\bullet$ (5) [Ch. 9, 10, 15] Evidence for a hot
Big Bang. Homogeneity and Isotropy. Photon/Baryon ratio. Helium production and
nucleosynthesis. The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CBR): Black-Body
nature, large and small scale fluctuations, measurements and upper limits,
confrontation with models for structure formation. Recent Boomerang, Maxima, and
MAP results.
[Oct. 08] $\bullet$ (6) [Ch. 11, 12] The Early Universe. The
Planck time. Horizon problem. Inflation. The Grand Unified Theory. Lepton and
Baryon production. Nature of Dark Matter. Domain walls, cosmic strings, and
magnetic monopoles. Axions and other topics that you may not choose for your
term project.
[Oct. 8] $\bullet$ First set of home-work problems due.
[Oct. 10-11] $\bullet$ 2002 Lowell Observatory Workshop on dwarf irregular galaxies. Since these may be the building blocks of galaxies from which the massive galaxies seen today have formed at high redshifts, I suggest we attend this conference as a class.
[Oct. 15] $\bullet$ (7) [Ch. 12, 13, 14] The epoch of
recombination. Surviving Jeans masses. The formation of galaxies and large
scale structure. Large and small scale structure of the CBR. Epoch of
reheating. Linear and non-linear growth of fluctuations into galaxies. CDM and
hydro simulations.
[Oct. 22] $\bullet$ (8) [Ch. 16, 17] Distant galaxies. Galaxy
surveys. Redshift surveys. Galaxy counts and colors. The morphological and
spectral evolution of galaxies with cosmic time. Initial mass function. Star
formation rate. The evolution of stellar populations.
[Oct. 29] $\bullet$ (9) [Ch. 17, 18] The epoch(S) of galaxy
formation. Galaxy formation from sub-galactic clumps. Confrontation with Cold
Dark Matter. Where are the proto-galaxies? The oldest galaxy ages and the
globular cluster problem.
[Nov. 05] $\bullet$ (10) [Ch. 19] The Intergalactic Medium
(IGM). Quasar absorption lines. Lyman- $\alpha$ and metal systems. Growth of
metallicity in the IGM. Star formation rate, luminosity density, and metal
production as function of cosmic epoch.
[Nov. 12] $\bullet$ (11) [Ch. 16, 20] The Dark Ages: the
Universe at z $\ge$ 5. The ionizing UV-background. Population III stars. The
neutral Hydrogen absorption edge. Did AGN precede or cause galaxy formation?
The sub-mm and IR backgrounds. Prospects to find pre-galactic objects with the
NGST, ISO, SIRTF, SCUBA, etc. Suggestions for Thesis topics.
[Nov. 19] Last half of home-work problems due on Nov. 19.
[Nov. 19] $\bullet$ (12) [Ch. 17.2-17.6] Active Galactic
Nuclei (AGN): Seyfert's + QSO's; Radio galaxies + Quasars. LINERS. The central
engine of AGN. Supermassive black holes. Morphology of extragalactic radio
sources. Buoyancy in clusters. Compact sources as rigid rods. The unified
picture of AGN.
[Nov. 26] $\bullet$ Term project due on this date.
[Nov. 26] $\bullet$ (13) [Ch. 17.2-17.6] The cosmological
evolution of AGN: Radio sources, Quasars, X-ray sources. Constraints from
source counts and luminosity functions. Relation of AGN to high redshift
galaxies. Alignment effect. Did AGN cause galaxy formation? Relation between
cosmological and galaxy evolution. Epoch dependent merger rate and CDM.
[Dec. 01] $\bullet$ (14) Spare week -- used for overflow.
Schedule (new) material that came up or material that could not be totally
covered during the semester.
[Dec. 10] $\bullet$ Review of material. Discussion of term projects.
FINAL EXAM: Thursday, Dec. 12, 12:20-2:10 pm in
PSF-226. (Or at an earlier date if we can all agree on one).
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WWW addresses used in AST 598, GALAXIES III --- OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY
(List under development, please bear with us)
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(This list): http://ast.asu.edu/windhorst/ast598-windhorst/
(N. Wright's Cosmo calculator): http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/CosmoCalc.html
(Grand Challenge simulations): http://zeus.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8080/GC3_Home_Page.html
(NASA HQ home page): http://www.nasa.gov/
(All NASA missions): http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/
(General Space Science News): http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/
(NASA Human Space Flights): http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/flights.html
(NASA Launch calendar etc): http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/
(Launch calendar): http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/schedule/schedule.htm
(Satellite Weather images): http://weather.unisys.com/satellite/index.html
(Astronomy Picture Of the Day): http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
(The Faint Blue Galaxy Mystery): http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950907.html
(Discovery of Galaxy Building Blocks): http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960905.html
(Ultraviolet Galaxies): http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010117.html
(The Space Telescope Science Institute): http://www.stsci.edu/
(The Space Telescope Science Institute): http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/hst/index.html"
(Best of Hubble Space Telescope): http://www.seds.org/hst/hst.html
(Detailed list of Hubble images):
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Subject.html
(Hubble Press releases occur every week, so list below is not updated!):
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Subject.html#Evolution
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/31.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/27.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Subject.html#Galaxies
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/NGC253.jpg
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/97/01.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/47.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/M87Disk.jpg
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/02.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/94/01.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/17.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/94/49.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/21/A.htm
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/2001/04/
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/2001/37/
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Subject.html#DistGal
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/29.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/01.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/08.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/94/52.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/GalaxEvC.jpg
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/14.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/10/A.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/24/B.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Subject.html#Quasars
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/94/16.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/35.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/04.html
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Subject.html#Cosmology
(Inside-out trips thru Universe): http://anzwers.org/free/universe/
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/edugroup/educational-activities.html#resources
(Back to top of this list): http://ast.asu.edu/windhorst/ast598-windhorst/
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